The Father Of American Detective - 1923 Words

The Father of American Detective Short Story-Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is far more than a poet and short story writer of the early 19th century. Poe is, in many ways, the most crucial writer of the period. The inventor of the detective story, and the creator of Gothic horror stories. He continues to capture the imagination and inspire literature more than one hundred and fifty years after his death. In examining his life, the critical reaction to his work, and his short story masterpiece â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† it has been said that Edgar Allan Poe remains the most influential early American author. Much like his world famous short stories, Edgar Allan Poe’s life was a sad, dark tragedy. Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston on January 19, 1809 (Meyers 4). His parents were both actors, and the financial strain of a new child caused them to leave the five-week old infant in Baltimore under the care of his grandparents. When Edgar was two, his father David Poe disappeared, â€Å"perhaps dying several months later† (Meyers 5-6). Shortly afterwards, Poe’s mother died from tuberculosis at the age of twenty-four (Meyers 6). Poe’s brother died at a very young age, then his sister Rosalie became insane shortly after. Edgar was placed in the home of a wealthy, yet disconfirming man named John Allan. Allan was emotionally detached from Poe, denying young Poe of a legal adoption. All of the death and darkness that surrounded Poe’s childhood would set off a chain of events,Show MoreRelatedInwalter MosleyS White Butterfly, Mosley Uses The Detective1161 Words   |  5 PagesIn Walter Mosley s White Butterfly, Mosley uses the detective genre to counter stereotypes and myths regarding black masculinity. The book was published in 1992 and the story takes place in 1952 in Watts, Los Angeles California. The main character of the story is Ezekiel Easy Rawlins and he is the main resource used by Mosley to redeem the image of the black man. Easy Rawlins is a hard-boiled detective which means he is a cynical investigator with pejorative tendencies. It is an analogy madeRead MoreMurder Of The American Detective1694 Words   |  7 PagesPoe’s more famous literary works. Arguably. Poe may be called the father of the American detective story with his trilogy involving Det. Dupin in Murders in the Rue Morgue, the Purloined Letter, and the Mystery of Marie Roget. Poe uses the peculiar eccentricities of hero Detective C. Augustus Dupin to make these mysteries enthralling to the reader. Dupin is purported to be the forerunner to Sir Arth ur Conan Doyle’s genius detective Sherlock Holmes. Poe created a new genre that captivated the imaginationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hardy Boys 1634 Words   |  7 Pages unlike Sherlock Holmes and other popular detectives, they are teenagers. Like their readers, they have school, chores, and church on Sunday. This essay will focus, as far as plot is concerned on the first book The Tower Treasure, the differences between the Hardy Boys and typical detective fiction, as well as on the cultural impact of the books. The Tower Treasure begins with the sons of private detective Fenton Hardy running an errand for their father. The errand and their lives are almost cutRead MoreThe Movie : Charlie Chan1692 Words   |  7 PagesIn the midst of this turning point in American history, Warner Oland took the role of Charlie Chan in his first film: Charlie Chan Carries On (1931). In the film, Charlie Chan finds himself in London, where he is tasked with solving the case of the death of an American millionaire Louis Potter. Throughout his investigation, Chan’s frequent proverbial statements and consistent humor provide for a fast-paced, well written detective film just the same as any other in its time. Where the film differsRead MoreMovie Analysis : Rush Hour 2 1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe movie chosen for this research is â€Å"Rush Hour 2†, which compactly contains set of various stereotypes of Asians, African-Americans, and Latinos in American film as well as provides examples of port raying sexuality in movies. It’s a comedy action film; it’s also a classical buddy story with unorthodox for that time buddies: African-American and Asian characters. The movie was directed by Brett Ratner, produced and distributed by New Line Cinema, story written by Ross LaManna and Jeff NathansonRead MoreThe Father Of The Detective Story1593 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Father of the Detective Story†: How Edgar Allan Poe Developed and Influenced the Detective Fiction Genre Edgar Allan Poe has become a household name in the literary world. His unique writing style has earned him much-deserved respect and recognition. Poe s poetry and short story oeuvre follows a consistent, melancholy theme of death and darkness that has captured and haunted readers for years (Baym, et al. 683). Perhaps his most legendary contribution to literature is his creation of theRead MoreThe Death Of The State Of Tennessee After Memphis Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesIf I lose my loved ones, especially my father because men are more likely to get killed in homicide than women. It’s always strange feelings when the person was with you yesterday and today they are not here. Shared plans and dreams are no longer there, all lefts are the memories which were shared with a dead person. Deaths are sudden no one knows when we’re going to die but dying from another human being puts more grief than other types of death. My father is basically bread winner at the houseRead MoreEssay on L. A. Confidential612 Words   |  3 PagesL. A. Confidential A Crime or Detective novel has many characteristics. It can combine mystery, suspense, romance, and maybe even a bit of comedy into an intriguing story that you just cant walk away from. James Ellroy, the self proclaimed Demon Dog of American Literature, has produced a masterpiece in the third book in his L. A. Quartet. L. A. Confidential is a great example of this genre of literature. It combines multiple love stories, multiple crimes, and a slew of characters into aRead MoreFilm Review : Blue Velvet1378 Words   |  6 Pagesthe objects of his affection: Sandy and Detective Williams. Manipulation of various media conventions within this scene highlights the intimacy between each of the characters. The initial mise-en-scene reveals an intimate distance range between Jeffrey and Sandy, with the zoom in and Close-Up Shot of Sandy’s face (focusing on her strained facial features) confirming her worry and longing for Jeffrey (1:28:05). Similarly, a Medium Close Up Shot of Det ective Williams and Jeffrey in the following sceneRead MoreThe Mystery Of Mystery Stories1349 Words   |  6 Pagesand journalist, best known as the father of roman policier (detective novel). Gaboriau created most popular fictional sleuth of nineteenth century French fiction Monsieur Lecoq ,based on a real police detective Eugene Francois Vidocq. Monsieur Lecoq appeared in 5 novels out of Gaboriau s 21 novels. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle s world famous detective Sherlock Holmes was greatly inspired by the Monsieur Lecoq.He is also the Author of another fictional detective Pà ¨re Tabaret ,appearing in his

Francis Bacon s The Birthmark And Rappaccini s Daughter

Francis Bacon states in New Organon that scientists are given divine honors and scientists have bigger effects on the human race than founders of cities, legislators and kings. Bacon paints a very positive pictures of science and states that scientists have very positive effects on society. Many writers in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century wrote works of fiction in contradiction to what Bacon believed. Many short stories tried to predict what the future of science might hold and tried to warn readers against the dangers of science. One such writer is Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hawthorne uses his stories to warn readers about the dangers of science. Heidegger’s Experiment, The Birthmark and Rappaccini s daughter, all have very tragic endings that can be traced back to science experiments. All three stories focus on very intelligent and driven scientist who try to achieve their goals at any cost. Hawthorne uses these stories as a way to contradict Bacon’s view and to state his views on science and give readers a better understanding of the capabilities of science. Hawthorne’s short stories contradict Bacon and give accurate critique of modern science as they show the dangers of science and discusses getting obsessed with science and losing morale, the problems of trying to battle with nature and the productive and destructive powers of science. Hawthorne’s short story Rappaccini s daughter focuses on Dr. Rappaccini, a scientist and researcher interestedShow MoreRelatedFrancis Bacon s The Birthmark And Rappaccini s Daughter1913 Words   |  8 Pages Francis Bacon states in New Organon, Book One that scientists are given divine honors and scientists have bigger effects on the human race than founders of cities, legislators and kings. Bacon paints a very positive picture of science and states that scientists have positive effects on society. Many writers in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century wrote works of fiction in contradiction to what Bacon believed. Many short stories tried to predict what the future of science might Francis Bacon s The Birthmark And Rappaccini s Daughter Francis Bacon states in New Organon, Book One that scientists are given divine honors and scientists have bigger effects on the human race than founders of cities, legislators and kings. Bacon paints a very positive picture of science and states that scientists have positive effects on society. Many writers in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century wrote works of fiction in contradiction to what Bacon believed. Many short stories tried to predict what the future of science might hold and tried to warn readers against the dangers of science. One such writer is Nathaniel Hawthorne; Hawthorne uses his stories to warn readers about the dangers of science. Heidegger’s Experiment, The Birthmark and Rappaccini s Daughter, all have very tragic endings that can be traced back to science experiments. All three stories focus on very intelligent and driven scientist who try to achieve their goals at any cost. Hawthorne uses these stories as a way to contradict Bacon†™s view and to state his views on science and give readers a better understanding of the capabilities of science. Hawthorne’s short stories contradict Bacon and give an accurate critique of modern science as they show the dangers of science and discusses getting obsessed with science and losing morale, the problems of trying to battle with nature and the productive and destructive powers of science. Hawthorne’s short story Rappaccini s Daughter focuses on Dr. Rappaccini, a scientist and researcherShow MoreRelatedFrancis Bacon s The Birthmark And Rappaccini s Daughter1910 Words   |  8 PagesFrancis Bacon states in New Organon that scientists are given divine honors and scientists have bigger effects on the human race than founders of cities, legislators and kings. Bacon paints a very positive pictures of science and states that scientists have very positive effects on society. Many writers in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century wrote works of f iction in contradiction to what Bacon believed. Many short stories tried to predict what the future of science might hold

Adult Life Free Essays

What I feel the definition of being an adult means to be mature and responsible with your things that you have to do in life to life basics. Age doesn’t have anything to do with being mature or being in the adult section. It’s about self realization of you becoming mature. We will write a custom essay sample on Adult Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some people when there maturing there starting college, or a new job, or even just going through with your life. When you are an adult you can make life judgments without any ones help from family or friends. You start identifying yourself of how independent you can be by your own. One important thing that you need to be an adult is responsibility. You would need responsibility towards your family, friend members, and yourself. As a member of society you would need to engage in the community you live in, so you know your whereabouts in the place you live at. You can have a social responsibility which means to volunteer and recycle to keep the place clean. If you’re a responsible friend you would help him or her to make a good decision before he realizes he make a bad mistake. Be there for hem whenever he needs help. A responsible adult will take care of their family and help support them when they need it. Your family should be an important thing in your life. Also you should be respectful of your mom and dad, brothers and sisters. A good father or mother for your child. Without responsibility you won’t be able to fulfill your duties of being a good parent. Without it you might forget to pick up dinner for your wife. Or you could be late to pick up your son from soccer practice. As an adult, you would need to be financially responsible to support yourself. You can’t expect to be taking care of a family if you can barely support yourself. It’s an adult’s responsibility to pay the bills of the house, and worry about the money to see if he has enough to support himself. But a responsible adult is usually good with money, so he won’t be low for the month. He would know how to save money, or not waste it on anything that is not necessary. And know when to use the money if they absolutely need it, or if it’s a requirement thing. Respect is also an important part of being an adult. For example if you got hired at a job, and you don’t like someone your goanna have to learn how to deal with them. Adults have to learn how to deal with one another in daily basics. They don’t let little things get in the way of there working environment. They don’t let there emotions get the best of them. They have self control which comes from being or becoming an adult. One of my role models for being an adult is my father. He is responsible by, he pays the bills, makes sure he has food in the table, and money in the bank. When things get bad or stressful he just keeps a calm mind and thinks of what the solutions are cause that’s what a responsible adult does. My dad is teaching me of responsibility not by telling me, but as me just watching him and seeing what he has to do to maintain us. I respect him for everything he has done too keep us in place. How to cite Adult Life, Papers Adult Life Free Essays What I feel the definition of being an adult means to be mature and responsible with your things that you have to do in life to life basics. Age doesn’t have anything to do with being mature or being in the adult section. It’s about self realization of you becoming mature. We will write a custom essay sample on Adult Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some people when there maturing there starting college, or a new job, or even just going through with your life. When you are an adult you can make life judgments without any ones help from family or friends. You start identifying yourself of how independent you can be by your own. One important thing that you need to be an adult is responsibility. You would need responsibility towards your family, friend members, and yourself. As a member of society you would need to engage in the community you live in, so you know your whereabouts in the place you live at. You can have a social responsibility which means to volunteer and recycle to keep the place clean. If you’re a responsible friend you would help him or her to make a good decision before he realizes he make a bad mistake. Be there for hem whenever he needs help. A responsible adult will take care of their family and help support them when they need it. Your family should be an important thing in your life. Also you should be respectful of your mom and dad, brothers and sisters. A good father or mother for your child. Without responsibility you won’t be able to fulfill your duties of being a good parent. Without it you might forget to pick up dinner for your wife. Or you could be late to pick up your son from soccer practice. As an adult, you would need to be financially responsible to support yourself. You can’t expect to be taking care of a family if you can barely support yourself. It’s an adult’s responsibility to pay the bills of the house, and worry about the money to see if he has enough to support himself. But a responsible adult is usually good with money, so he won’t be low for the month. He would know how to save money, or not waste it on anything that is not necessary. And know when to use the money if they absolutely need it, or if it’s a requirement thing. Respect is also an important part of being an adult. For example if you got hired at a job, and you don’t like someone your goanna have to learn how to deal with them. Adults have to learn how to deal with one another in daily basics. They don’t let little things get in the way of there working environment. They don’t let there emotions get the best of them. They have self control which comes from being or becoming an adult. One of my role models for being an adult is my father. He is responsible by, he pays the bills, makes sure he has food in the table, and money in the bank. When things get bad or stressful he just keeps a calm mind and thinks of what the solutions are cause that’s what a responsible adult does. My dad is teaching me of responsibility not by telling me, but as me just watching him and seeing what he has to do to maintain us. I respect him for everything he has done too keep us in place. How to cite Adult Life, Essay examples

Lady of Shalott verses Essay Example For Students

Lady of Shalott verses Essay 20.Full cargo ships flowed down the river21.Slow walking horses that went by unnoticed 22.A sail boat sailing on the river23.Floating down the river24.Who sees her waving her hand in the tower25.Who has seen her at all in the window26.Does anyone even know she exists 27.Lady of Shalott 28.Farmers harvesting early in the morning29.farmers among the dark colored barley30.a song that is sung in a happy tone and can be heard from outside the tower31.a windy river near the tower32.down to Camelot which has a lot of towers33.the moon has risen and the farmers are tired from harvesting34.the farmer is piling his harvest in a stack35.the reaper is wondering if the Lady of Shalott is real or not36.Lady of Shalott37.She is weaving all day and night38.Her weavings have bright and vibrant colors39.She doesnt know where she heard the voice but she heard it40.If she were to look out the window the curse will be upon her41.Looking at Camelot42.She doesnt know what the curse is 43.She just keeps on weaving 44.She doesnt care that she weaves all day, she likes it45.Lady of Shalott46.Moving reflections in the mirror47.Its the same things over and over all year48.Its the reflection of the outside in the mirror49.She sees the trail by the tower that leads to Camelot50.the path leads to Camelot 51.The river that is near flows by her tower52.The villagers are in the town near Camelot53.There are some girls in the market wearing red cloaks 54.The market girls are leavening Camelot

Speech art theory Essay Example

Speech art theory Essay In history, language was used to make certain assertions and the uses of language were highly unnoticed. There were several writers who had clarified about speech act; these include, Adolph Reinach, in 1913 had written an article describing once actions being related to their words, and unfortunately he never lived long enough to clarify his argument. In 1933, writers like Karl Buhler in his book (Sprachtheorie), and study had already talked about speech act; however very few people paid attention to his work.However, the work J.L.Austin made philosophers pay more attention to the uses of language. He tried to describe the way people do things using words. For instance, he said that words are usually followed by a certain action. He tried to clarify the difference between illocutionary and prelocutionary communication acts. He argued that the best examples of illocutionary speeches are clearly observed in performative sentences like â€Å"I promise to visit you the day after tomorro w†. The act of promising is done in saying or words. All the same, the study of speech acts is closely related pragmatics, which is part of linguistics, and it is categorized as an aspect of philosophical values or virtues.ILLOCUTIONARY ACTIs a complete communication act in a typical expression or utterance and, it is made up of statements that have intended action in them. The idea of the communication act is linked to Searle’s understanding of the act. He argued that it is a description of a proposition related to the reason behind doing something else.According to Austin, the prelocutionary acts solicit for answers and they are performed by saying something. A per locution act is followed by both locution and illocution. For instance, there are cases where the purpose of the utterance differs from actual meaning. For example, if a husband asks the wife to make the bed, and the wife responds by making it. Instead of giving the answer first of either responding â€Å" yes†. This in our case was the intended answer of the speaker.DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECHIn most cases, in our speeches we normally communicate with each other directly i.e. the content of the utterance may be similar with the content intended to be communicated. This forms a direct speech act.   For instance, Mary tells Tom, â€Å"can we go home it’s getting late,† The message is open and vivid to the point and we expect a direct answer.In the course of communication we normally communicate with each other, but the meaning of the linguistic approach used may differ from the message intended to be communicated, or may be communicated non verbally. For instance, Mary asks tom, â€Å"can you take me out on Friday?† .Thereby, asking tom whether he can take her out, and at the same time, to do so if he can. In this case, the utterance made indicates one performance act requiring one to perform this act, and an additional speech act which is not indicated in t he utterances. Hence the request is made indirectly. This is one way of using indirect speech acts.Secondly, they are normally used to turn down or reject proposal and make suggestions. For instance, if John asks Alex, â€Å"can we go to the library†, and Alex replies, â€Å"I will be study in my room†. In this case, Alex turned down the proposal, but indirectly as the actual meaning is not portrayed in the reply. This makes the utterance an indirect speech act.However, this poses an enormous problem to linguists as it is complicated to understand how the person who proposed knows that his/ her has been turned down. According Searle, we are able to get the definite meaning from the indirect speech through supportive process out of which we are to get compound illocutions, but the proposed processes didn’t actually solve the problem.Searle argued in indirect speech acts we have the primary and the secondary illocutions. For instance, if tom tells Mary, â€Å"Let ’s go home now† and Mary responds, â€Å"I have to see my friend first†. The primary illocution is Mary’s rejection to leave now and, the secondary illocution is the actual meaning of the statement where she says she has to see her friend first. Therefore, in indirect speech, the speaker responds by a single statement, which has a hidden and the actual meaning. He assumed that the speakers are cooperative and understand each other.Searle (pg 178) says, â€Å"In indirect speech acts the speaker communicates to the hearer more than he actually says by way of relying on their mutually shared background information, together with the general powers of rationality and inference on the part of the hearer.† Thereby, providing a prove supporting his argument through a number of observations. This include: indirect speech should not be taken as imperatives, and that they give directions.In pg 180, he says â€Å"Indirect speech act are not ambiguous as betwe en an imperative illocutionary force and a non imperative illocutionary force†. The acts should be translated without loosing their actual meaning and that they are idiomatic as they have a primary meaning. He observed that indirect speech act have a secondary illocution when their meaning is taken literally and do not have any hidden meaning. Similarly, (pg 180-183) he observed that when request is made through indirect speech act whose actual impression is similar to the request, the speaker has to grasp the meaning so as to respond accordingly. At the same time, the speaker has to respond to both primary and secondary illocution by first attending to primary illocution.Searle (pg 184) proposed a process by which we can distinguish between the primary and the secondary illocutions. One has to assume the speakers are cooperating, and know the background information surrounding their conversation. Similarly, understand the fact of their conversation and assume that the hearer has the capability respond to the request of the speaker.CLASSIFICATION OF ILLOCUTIONARY ACTIn 1975, Searle proposed the following classification of the illocutionary speech acts. These include: Expressive-these are communication acts that attempt to express the speaker’s emotions and attitude towards the proposal made. Expressions like thanks, appreciations and excuses. Directives- these are speech acts meant to give directions to the hearer or make them take a given action .These are suggestion, command and requests.Assertive: these are speech acts that assign a speaker to the actual meaning of the proposal. Commissives are speech acts that commend the speaker to some later deed. Examples are promises vows, and oaths. Declaratives are speech acts that transform the truth in accordance with the suggestion of the pronouncement. Examples are pronouncing a husband and wife, baptizing someone and pronouncing one innocent.FELICITY CONDITIONSThis refers to acknowledged predictable criteria having a predictable outcome. These procedures involve saying of certain words by a particular person under certain circumstances, and the person and the circumstances in consideration in the given situation must be accommodate the execution a particular procedure. The process should be carried out by all speakers correctly and completely. However, the procedure is intended for application by people having certain opinion and emotions or launch of a particular significant performance on the part of any participant.CRITICISMS OF THE SPEECH ACT THEORYTheory assumes any literal meaning should be compared against the non literal meaning because the linguistic meaning is supposedly sufficient for the hearer to understand the utterance, but the non linguistic meaning is also important .Implying that the expression of any statement triggers two procedures .i.e. the development of the rational outline of the utterances and the intended conclusions. Hence, there is need to consider the non linguistic meaning of any utterances, which the theory ignored.Similarly, the implicated conclusions or implicatures do not follow the use or the exploitation of maxims of conversation i.e. it has the background meaning gotten from an inferential procedure and logical nature of the speech. This implies that if the speaker and the hearer do not understand each other, it is difficult to get the intended implications of the utterance or the primary illocution, which to Searle was a bit hidden.

Harley

Harley Executive Summary The rate at which the world economy is growing is making companies to adopt management strategies which will enable them to increase their global market share as well as remain competitive and profitable in the global market. This paper will therefore discuss the various ways in which companies are shifting from their traditional means of production so that they can manage to catch up with the advanced means of production which will enable them to increase their productivity and competitiveness.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Harley-Davidson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper will focus on the operations of Harley-Davidson and the manner in which the company has been able to cope with the growing competition in the motorcycle industry. The paper will also illustrate the complexity that is associated with the global market and how it has influenced the performance of Harley-Davidson. The pa per will show the manner in which Harley-Davidson has adopted different management strategies that have enabled it to recover from the effects of the 2008 financial crisis. The paper will also stipulate the inefficiency that is associated with Harley-Davidson production process. It will also show the various strategies that Harley-Davidson should adopt in order to increase its competitiveness in the global market. The paper will also demonstrate how Harley-Davidson understands the competitive nature of the global market and how the company has been able to emerge as one of the most profitable companies in the America. Introduction With the rate at which the world economy is growing, companies are being forced to look for strategies which will enable them to increase their market share and hence remain competitive and profitable. Many organizations are being driven out of business because of their inability to adopt the production processes which are being adopted by the modernized c ompanies. Therefore, in order for organizations to boost their competitiveness, they are implementing strategies aimed at improving their marketing, management, and manufacturing techniques (Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, 2009). With the complexity that is associated with the global market, businesses are implementing measures to enable them learn about effective business management strategies so that they can manage to keep producing products which meet the needs of their customers. Technology is changing together with the global market trends thereby making the tastes and preferences of consumers to change considerably. As a result, organizations are being forced to design products which meet the tastes and preferences of the modern consumer (Elliott Percy, 2007). However, they will find this strategy possible if they take time to learn about the needs of the modern customers. Organizations are therefore shifting from their traditional ideas and focusing on developing products that rhym e with the tastes of the consumers in the modern world.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The companies that have been resistant to change are finding it difficult to catch up with those companies which have incorporated technology in their production process. Though shifting from the traditional means of production is an expensive undertaking, it is worthwhile if a company wishes to remain in business for a long time. There are many companies which have been able to shift from their traditional production processes and they have hence been able to satisfy the needs of their consumers. An example of a company that has been able to shift from traditional means of production is Harley-Davidson. The company has been in existence since 1963. Since then, the company has been known to provide its customers with products that meet their specifications. The company’s main activities include the manufacture of motorcycles (Gamble Schafer, 2012). It has therefore been able to design motorcycles tailored for specific markets. The main classes of motorcycles that the company has been able to produce successfully include cruiser, touring, and performance motorcycles. These classes of motorcycles have been able to meet the different riding needs of the customers (Gamble Schafer, 2012). This paper will therefore carry out a case study analysis of Harley-Davidson and illustrate the various management strategies that the company should adopt to enable it to remain a dominant player in the motorcycle industry. The paper will also discuss the various challenges that the company has encountered while trying to take its operations to the international market as well as the effects of the global recession on the profitability and competitiveness of the company. Harley-Davidson Contemporary Strategy Analysis Company overview The revenues of Harley-Davidson declined significantly as a result of the economic recession that hit the US major markets between 2008 and 2009. The effects of the economic recession declared many people jobless while the purchasing power of the consumers also reduced significantly. The international market was also hesitant to purchase products from the US thereby reducing the number of motorcycles that Harley-Davidson sold to the overseas markets (Stermer, 2007). The effects of the global recession made the demand of motorcycles to reduce by 12.7 per cent. This reflected a 15.1 per cent reduction in the revenues that the company had made the previous year. This is an indication that the stability of the financial market plays a very important role in ensuring that the sales of a company remain constant. With the credit crunch that was encountered in 2008, Harley-Davidson was forced to finance its operations using loans (Schembri, 2009). This made the liquidity of the company to go down significantly.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Harley-Davidson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Harley-Davidson as a very profitable company Though Harley-Davidson is one of the most profitable companies in the world, the company has not been effective in its production processes. Since its establishment, the company has always been faced with the problem of insufficient production capacity. It has therefore not been able to meet the demands of its customers. This is a major weakness for any business enterprise. Customers of a company should not be made to wait for a long time for the products they demand to be processed (Schembri, 2009). However, Harley-Davidson has been unable to meet the demands of its customers. The delay in the production process has therefore made the company to lose a large number of customers. Harley-Davidson customers are forced to look for other companies that have the ability to supply the products that they dem and in time (Stermer, 2007). Therefore, to be able to retain its customers, Harley-Davidson needs to increase its production capacity to enable it supply its customers with high quality products when they demand them. Consolidating plants It is important for an organization to ensure that its manufacturing plants are consolidated at a common location in order to reduce the costs of production and also to improve the efficiency of the production process (Smit, 2000). However, the manufacturing operations of Harley-Davidson are dispersed. For example, the company manufactures its engines in Milwaukee and Wisconsin while the engines are assembled in York, Kansas City and Missouri (Fred, 2008). Therefore, in order for the company to cut down on its costs of production, it needs to develop a single facility which can manage to merge the engine manufacturing and assembly operations. This way, the company can be able to achieve a cost leadership advantage thereby enabling it to increase it s market share significantly. However, because of the company’s inability to keep its costs of production down, Harley-Davidson has been unable to expand the sales of its high-priced motorcycles outside the US market. Participating in riding activities In order for motorcycle companies to improve the riding experience of their customers, it is important for the managers and employees of different organizations to participate in organized riding activities together with their customers. This gives the customers a feeling that the products they purchase will meet their needs (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2010). As a result, Harley-Davidson participates in HOG activities to enable it communicate with its customers (Cooney, 2005). This way, the managers and the employees are able to interact with their customers thereby convincing them about the importance of purchasing motorcycles from the company. These kinds of activities therefore serve as marketing tools for the company. Effic iency in the manufacture of different types of products A company should be efficient at manufacturing all types of products which can enable it to capture a substantial share of the market (Hopkins, 1999). However, Harley-Davidson is only efficient at manufacturing super heavy motorcycles but it is not able to design small bikes. This is an indication that the company is weak in terms of implementing certain production processes. In addition, it has been noted that the company is not able to incorporate research and development in its production process. The company also limits its ability to invest in new technology. The recent drop in the market share of Harley-Davidson can therefore be attributed to the technological backwardness of the company (Neghina , 2009). Technological backwardness is therefore a major issue that the company needs to address in order for it to increase its market share.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Importance of technology In order for a company to emerge successful in the global market, it needs to make use of the advancements in technology to enable it design products that are appealing to the customers’ eyes. Technology also facilitates the manufacture of quality and efficient products. It is therefore important for Harley-Davidson to invest in up-to-date means of production to ensure that the products it produces are efficient and that they respond to the needs of the customers. For example, it is true that the market share of Harley- Davidson motorcycles in Europe was the lowest in the year 2007 compared to the market share of Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki, Yamaha and BMW (Hopkins, 1999). This is because the customers in Europe are more sensitive to technology while the consumers in the US market believe that Harley-Davidson incorporates the American culture in its manufacturing process. Therefore, in order for Harley-Davidson to increase its market share in the European region, it needs to make use of technology to enable it customize motorcycles for the European market. New Models A company can secure a significant market share by providing its customers with new models. Once new products are introduced in the market, the existing customers are the first to purchase the new models (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2010). Harley-Davidson is well known for introducing new models in the market. As a result, it is able to increase its sales revenue and market share. However, this is not a very effective strategy because not all customers stand ready to replace their old models. Therefore, the introduction of new models alone may not enable the company to increase its revenue and market share to the levels that is desires. To increase its market share therefore, it is important for the company to ensure that the new models it introduces into the market incorporate the latest technology. This would motivate the customers to purchase the products and hence bo ost the company’s profitability. Emphasis on comfort The products that consumers purchase should be able to offer them comfort. It is therefore important for companies to design products which offer customers comfort while using them. Companies should therefore customize their products in a way that meets the specifications of the customers (Schembri, 2009). To increase the sales of its motorcycles therefore, Harley-Davidson customizes products for the customers who need certain specifications. Customers are therefore able to gain maximum satisfaction while riding the motorbikes. This strategy has enabled the company to win over a significant number of customers. Distribution networks The distribution network of products plays a very important role in determining whether an organization can manage to deliver products to its customers on a timely basis and at an affordable price. The channels of distribution used determine whether the customers can manage to gain access to the products that a company produces. Therefore, it is important for an organization to ensure that the distribution network it adopts makes it easy for the customers to access the products at a cheaper price. It has been noted that Harley-Davidson competitors implement distribution networks which are less costly and more efficient in Europe. As a result, the competitors have been able to acquire a larger market share in Europe because of the efficacy of their distribution networks (Cooney, 2005). Therefore, in order for Harley-Davidson to market its products in Europe successfully, it needs to carry out a study about the European market and determine which distribution network to implement. After sales services There are certain services that a business is supposed to offer in order to make people trust in the products that the organization produces. To ensure that customers keep coming back for more products, the management of Harley-Davidson ensures that the customers are accorded p re and after sales services. This way, the customers are able to get all the information and help that they need to begin using the products. In addition, Harley-Davidson offers test-ride services as well as rider instruction classes. The company also rents motorcycles to its trusted customers (Stermer, 2007). As a result, the company has been able to win the confidence of the customers thus making the customers to trust in the products that the company manufactures. This state of affairs has led to an increase in the market share of the company especially in the US. Addressing complexity The process of manufacturing motorcycles is complex. To address this complexity, Harley-Davidson created the Harley-Davidson University whose goal was to ensure that the employees within the organization became competent in dealing with all the products that the company manufactured. Since then the company has been able to boost the knowledge of its employees by showing them how they can come up wi th high quality products that would meet the needs of the customers. The company has therefore been able to manufacture motorcycles which are very competitive in the world market. It is therefore the responsibility of an organization to invest in projects which can boost its production potential. Customers are therefore confident in the motorcycles that Harley-Davidson manufactures because they are sure that the motorcycles are manufactured by experts. Diversification of business practices Before the credit crunch which hit the US market in 2008, Harley-Davidson used to give financial services such as supplying credit, insurance and extended warranties to its dealers. This activity used to generate huge profits for the company. For example, the profit that was generated from this activity was approximately 12 per cent of the total revenue. However, the credit crunch made it difficult for the company to securitize its customers loans (Neghina , 2009). Therefore, it is true that thoug h diversifying in various profit generating activities in a business enterprise is a commendable idea, it is important for an organization to ensure that it can manage to secure its customers from uncertainties. This way, the customers would be confident in the operations of the company and hence trust in the products it produces. However, the inability by Harley-Davidson to secure the loans of the customers made the customers believe that the company was not strong enough to address their needs. This state of affairs made many people to stop believing in the quality of the products that the company offers thus leading to a reduction in the company’s sales. Expanding operations to overseas markets Any company that wishes to gain recognition in the global business environment should expand its operations to overseas markets. This would increase the market share of the company and its sales revenue. However, Harley-Davidson has concentrated so much on the American market. The E uropean market share is very small. To make it easy for Harley-Davidson to acquire a substantial portion of the European motorcycle market, the company should establish headquarters in Europe which would be responsible for monitoring all the activities that the company undertakes in the region. The company should also expand its overseas dealership network. For example, Harley-Davidson made $1.75 billion non-US sales in 2008. These sales reflected 31 per cent of the revenue that the company had earned globally (Elliott Percy, 2007). This is an indication that the markets which are based out of the US also have potential to make the company become competitive. Company operations should rhyme with objectives It is the duty of every manager in any organization to ensure that the operations that the organization undertakes are in line with its objectives. For example, Harley-Davidson engages in practices such as Just-in-time scheduling, Total Quality Management, Computer Aided Manufact uring, and devolution of responsibilities to ensure that its productivity and efficiency remain high (Hopkins, 1999). Such practices are effective in that they make it possible for the manager to detect any flows within the organization and hence implement corrective measures before any serious damage can be realized. Positive relationship between employees and managers The manner in which employees relate with their managers determines whether the productivity of an organization rises or falls. The most successful organizations are known to facilitate effective communication between the employees and the managers. The employees are given the freedom to express their opinions on how they feel that their organization should be operated. Therefore, to ensure that the employees remain motivated, Harley-Davidson ensures that the managers and the employees are able to exchange ideas freely regarding how the productivity of the organization can be improved. This process has been effective in fostering cooperation between the employees and the managers thereby enabling the organization to increase its productivity and efficiency. Understanding competition Any company that wishes to succeed in the global market should understand what is meant by competition and how it can cope with it. For example, Harley-Davidson is well known for increasing its product range and geographical scope to capture a large market. However, the major challenge that is facing the company is the rate at which its products are being imitated by its competitors. In addition, competitors such as Honda, BMW, and Suzuki are known to share technology, marketing skills, engineering capabilities, and distribution knowhow thereby making it difficult for Harley-Davidson to successfully diversify the products that it offers to its customers (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2010). This scenario is more prevalent in the European market because this is where Harley-Davidson has less impact. Conclusion From the analysis therefore, it is evident that Harley-Davidson is one of the most successful motorcycle companies in America. Though the company is one of the most profitable companies in the world, there are various key measures that the company should implement to enable it compete effectively in the global market. The company should ensure that it embraces technology, foster positive relationship between the employees and the managers, diversify its products range, expand operations to overseas markets, give the customers pre and after sales services, lower costs of production, seek loyalty from customers, and ensure that it offers the consumers new products and models. This way, the company will be able to increase its competitiveness in the global market. Reference List Cooney, J 2005, Why and How Harley-Davidson has Maintained Consumer Brand Loyalty. Web. Dess, G G, Lumpkin, G T Eisner, A 2009, Strategic Management: Creating Competitive Advantages, McGraw-Hill Irwin, London. Elliott, R Percy, L 2007, Strategic Brand Management, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Fred, A 2008, Harley Davidson Case Study Building Brand Communities. Web. Gamble, J E Schafer, R 2012, Harley-Davidson. Web. Hitt, M A, Ireland, R D Hoskisson, R E 2010, Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization Concepts, Cengage Learning, New York. Hopkins, H D 1999, Using history for strategic problem-solving: The Harley-Davidson effect, Business Horizons, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 52-60. Neghina , C 2009, Harley Davidson Case Study Building Brand Communities. Web. Schembri, S 2009, Reframing brand experience: The experiential meaning of Harley–Davidson. Journal of Business Research, vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 1299–1310. Smit, P J 2000, Strategy Implementation: Readings, Juta and Company Ltd, New York. Stermer, B 2007, Harley-Davidson Motorcycles: Everything You Need to Know, MotorBooks International, New York. Harley Background Marketing is an important exercise in both services and goods industry; it ensures that target customers access goods and services a company manufactures. Marketing involves processes that determine the kind of products or/and services of interest to customer then the company knows exactly what to manufacture or trade in.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Harley-Davidson Motor Company Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other than advising a company on the kind of products to make, marketing goes further and establishes the right method, channels, strategies and systems to get the products/services to target market (Mullins, Walker, 2010). The American motor cycle industry is one of the fast growing economic sectors where motor cycles are used for various functions like trade, transport, sporting, as security officials automobiles, and sometimes for leisure. Harley is an international mo tor cycle manufacturing company based in the United States of America; the company is respected for making reliable heavyweight (over 750 cc) motorcycles and genuine motorcycle accessories. The automobile industry has been ventured by cheap aftermarket sales that compete with original accessories; the market is favoured by the cost and the room for customizing once motor vehicles offered by the automobile. The challenge by the secondary industry offers a challenge to Harley-Davidson Motor Company; report is a marketing plan that the company can adopt to compete effectively in the market. Company overview Harley-Davidson Motor Company was founded in 1903 by three childhood friends by the names William Harley, Arthur and Walter Davidson; the initial idea was to make racing bikes with engines however they advanced their idea to have the bikes used for transport. In 1905, the company had started to be recognized and advertising its products in media in the United States; currently the c ompany has its head quarters at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States and headed Keith E. Wendell, the company’s chief executive officer.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 2010, the company recorded total sales of US$ 4.46 billion which translated to US$ 259.7 million; of the amount about thirty percent was derived from sale to foreign markets. As at December 2010, the company had 6302 members of staffs distributed in its outlets (Harley Official Website, 2011). Executive Summary No single statement can explain what is marketing; briefly, it is a link between customers and a company, the feedback from either side is crucial in improving goods and services produced. Harley-Davidson Motor Company is facing an increasing competition from aftermarket accessories, thus the marketing team has found it important to develop a marketing plan to form the base of an aggressive marketing for the products. The main target market that the plan will focus on are existing customers, which the plan will embrace customer relation management strategies to build, maintain and manage customer loyalty; the second fold will focus on automobile users where the company will aim at convincing buyers to use its genuine parts; this will embrace strategic marketing tools like communication marketing strategies (MARCOM). The last target market that the company will focus is diversification of its market base, to use this approach; the company will make use of blue ocean marketing strategies. The report will also include the suggested marketing budget for the launch of the strategy. Target Market The campaign strategy will be divided into three main target groups differentiated by their behaviour as far as use of Harley-Davidson Motor Company spare parts and those from after market sellers. The first category encompasses customers of Harley-Davidson Motor Co mpany spare parts; they can be seen as people who have loyal to the company and have the characteristic of using genuine products. The main focus on these customers involves enacting measures to maintain current market base and improve the relationship with the customers. The main activities that will take place focusing on this target market are the following: measure approach; this is an approach where information from customers is collected; the information is on the level of satisfaction that customers are getting from the company.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Harley-Davidson Motor Company Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second move will be to manage products and service delivery, what the customers are finding as correctly done should be reinforced and what they find as wanting should be rectified. With the feedback from the customers, then the company can decide on ways to impro ve service delivery; by service delivery, the company should be interested on the level of service that aftermarket accessories suppliers are giving then aim at surpassing the level set. The second target market segment that the company will be looking at is the â€Å"undecided customers†, they are people who buy either Harley-Davidson Motor Company genuine spare parts or sometimes buy after market products. The reason for their behaviour should be determined by a market research. It is likely that they buy the available product, thus policies that make genuine parts available should be made. The third target market that the management should look into is the untapped market; this is market that is less competitive with the aftermarket products. To venture into this, it can be through robust marketing campaigns that sells both bikes and spare parts. The company can decide to open its own market where they sell bikes then later on reinforce the use of genuine spare parts. Comp etitors The main competitors that the company will have to deal with are aftermarket sellers; they are people who sell spare parts or body and engine parts that can fit certain models of Harley-Davidson products. There are many reasons why some people prefer to use these products other than using the genuine parts. One of the post quoted reason why some people prefer after market products is because they are made by specialists thus they are of high quality, other people prefer them because they are less costly than genuine parts. The above two reasons happens to be the strength of competitors; Harley-Davidson company should embrace the challenge and aim at countering the strengths of the companies. To challenge the competitors, the company should venture in programs that improve the quality of their spare parts, in the case there is a certain modification that can breakeven when made as an accessory, and then the company should adopt such an accessory.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Price has always been an issue when marketing for commodities, there may come sometimes that Harley-Davidson products are expensive than those of the aftermarket, the management has two interventions to make; one ensure than the price of accessories represent value for money. The second intervention that the company should ensure is that it has attained high quality products and efficiency in their products. The best weapon to counter competition rests in understanding customers, providing high quality products, aggressive marketing that educate users on differences, and products differentiation. Product or Service The subject of the matter in this marketing plan is the sale of genuine motor cycle parts; the accessories involve engine parts, body parts, and other related accessories like bolts and nuts. When creating the products, the company should be aware of the model and the demand that the parts will have in a specific area. The products aims at offering repair accessories owne rs of Harley-Davidson products, it aims at winning customer loyalty in the market filled with aftermarket products. Different model of bikes require different repairs parts, thus they need to be made available; one of the main characteristic that the product will be selling to the people is its originality, quality, guarantees, and genuineness. When developing and improving the products, the sales book will of great use as it will help the company analysis the market, on where is a certain product or certain model of bike; with the clear understanding, and then campaigns will be focused on the particular area that has a certain machine (Vorhies, Morgan Autry, 2009). Marketing Budget When making a marketing strategy, there is need to develop the budget that various activities involved will fall under. Budget follows some costs heads that is a consolidate figure involving different individual costs. The following budget will be incurred: Activity Cost (US $) Research and collect ion of data 20,000 Staffs subsistence and other fixed costs 10,000 Experts and professional fees 500 Structure and infrastructures laying 5,000 Policies support costs (they include costs of advertising, promotion etc) 5,500 Follow up costs 500 Total 41,500 The above costs heads involves costs that can be classified under the heading. Description of Location Since there are different models of bikes, the location of market will be determined by the model and type of spare parts that may be applicable to the particular area. When the above has been determined, the locations that will make them accessible will be determined by the marketing team. Some of the suggested places that the parts can be stocked include garages, supermarkets, automobiles accessories shops, and the bikes distributing channels. The main reason for determining the location is to ensure that the goods reach to the target customer at the right time in a form that is acceptable. With the suggested pla ce in mind, the marketing team should come up with the best transport, supply and logistics methods that should be implemented to get the goods to the customers. The right channel of communication should ensure that the company’s products get to the target market in the shortest time possible. The nature of some of Harley-Davidson products users is that they are likely to attend motor shows and other promotional events, the management should set a budget that can be used to market the products one on one in these places (Lyus, Rogers Simms, 2011). Pricing Strategy Price is an important marketing parameter that should be looked into when making a marketing strategy; it is through the price of a commodity that the company meets its expenses and gets a gain form the sale. There are two main elements that an effective price should have; the price should be high enough that the company will get some profit from the sale and the price must be affordable. Harley-Davidson products m arketing team will have to undertake a market price review where they will compare the costs and prices that competitors are able to sell, when they note them, they can work back and set their prices. In the situation of Harley-Davidson products, the best pricing approach to use is the premium pricing approach, under the method the management sets a price that is slightly higher than the prevailing price; the reason for the high price is both psychological and economical. From the psychological part, some people believe that quality is expensive thus they are likely to buy the products; the second reason is because the price set should represent quality offered by the company (Hsuen-Ho Jia-Wei, 2010). Summary and Implementation Plan The implementation stage has a number of processes that will be involved, they are as follows: Marketing research Marketing research involves the marketing team undertaking a desk and field research that determines the company’s rate of performan ce verses the rate at which aftermarket products are selling. The information offers the background that the strategy will be built on; the gaps realized should be analysed and meanings derived from them. The initial market research offers the team an overview of the areas they should address in the strategy. Analysis of data The initial stage was involved in the team collecting volumes of qualitative and quantitative data; the data from customers, bureaus, and internal information and industry reports should be reviewed to ensure that the problem that the company is facing is well understood. It is through problem and gap analysis that the company can come up with the most effective solutions. Strategy development With the data and problem well interpolated, there is need to have systems that are focused on the problem. The three main target markets needs different approach thus the marketing team should be clear on the approach to use and at which point they will have to quality a certain employee to the next higher level. Policy enactment and implementation Specific strategies to address a certain issue needs to be enacted through policies and infrastructures; the infrastructures needs to be put in place. For example to maintain customers there is need to have effective communication systems where the company can get feedback on various issues. Enforcing, monitoring and controlling When all is good to go, the management should ensure that it has enacted policies to maintain an improved relationship with customers. The policies enacted should be improved appropriately so that they do not fall out of relevance. In the implementation stage, the management should have the policy of marketing mix in mind; the following sample of an applicable marketing mix can be used: Diagram 1: The above diagram gives a guide of the areas that the management should look into when enacting the marketing strategy (Day, 2011). Conclusion An effective marketing strategy is a comp etitive advantage tool; Harley-Davidson Motor Company should embrace tools of strategic marketing to remain competitive amidst increased suppliers of aftermarket repair accessories. The company should embark on effective communication campaigns that create awareness and differentiation of its products; it should also embrace the concept of â€Å"Blue Ocean† to widen its market base indirectly. For an effective marketing campaign that can stand competition, Harley-Davidson Motor top and line managers need to support efforts made by the marketing department; on the other hand the marketing department should work closely with research and development segment for more informed decisions. References Day, G. (2011). Closing the Marketing Capabilities Gap. Journal of Marketing, 75(4), 183-195. Harley Official Website.(2011). Harley-Davidson Motor Company. Retrieved from https://www.harley-davidson.com/us/en/index.html Hsuen-Ho, H., Jia-Wei, T. (2010). A Model of Marketing Strategic Alliances To Develop Long-Term Relationships for Retailing. International Journal of Business Information, 5(2), 151-172. Lyus, D., Rogers, B., Simms, C. (2011). The role of sales and marketing integration in improving strategic responsiveness to market change. Journal of Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management, 18(1), 39-49. Mullins, J. W., Walker, Jr., O. C. (2010). Marketing management: A strategic decision making approach. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Vorhies, D. W., Morgan, R. E., Autry, C. W. (2009). Product-market strategy and the marketing capabilities of the firm: impact on market effectiveness and cash flow performance. Strategic Management Journal, 30(12), 1310-1334. Harley Overview The onset of the 21st century saw the inception of the Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Company. The motorcycle manufacturing firm started off its operations in Wisconsin, United States of America (Harley-Davidson, 2006). Although it had a small beginning, Harley-Davidson has grown to be a renowned global market leader in the manufacture and sell of heavy duty monocycles.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Harley-Davidson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company successfully went through the hard economic times of the 1920s, which was largely contributed by its unwavering strong background in leadership, marketing and customer satisfaction (Armstrong Kotler, 2011). One of the major challenges faced by Harley-Davidson in its history of successful operation in United States is when the government failed to instituted as well as monitor market forces of demand and as well as quality checks which led to the inf lux of cheap imports into the U.S market. However, this just marked the beginning of a long journey for Harley-Davidson bearing in mind that the motorcycle manufacturer continued with the uninterrupted production of motorcycles with engine capacities above 750cc (Harley-Davidson, 2006). Customer satisfaction was and has been key to this overwhelming market presence. On the other hand, Harley-Davidson is still struggling to penetrate the lightweight motorcycle market. The competition is tough in this line of production and unless the company transforms its value proposition, it may completely miss out on the yet to be tapped profitable lightweight motorcycle market. In this paper, the case study of Harley Davidson has been discussed in terms of the marketing capabilities of the company (Harley-Davidson, 2006). In addition, some marketing strategies that can be adopted by the motorcycle firm have been proposed using relevant marketing theories. Harley-Davidson case study summary and m arketing theories One of the outstanding features of Harley-Davidson is the creation of brand loyalty among its chronic customers. As part of its fundamental marketing strategy, the company has developed a culture of consistent liking and consumption of its heavyweight motorcycles among the long term customers.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, it has managed to maintain its clients for a considerably long period of time in spite of the ever prevailing market competition (Armstrong Kotler, 2011). The most integral ideal being cherished towards customer loyalty is the ability of the company to critically consider the needs of its consumers. Harley-Davidson has a strong belief that customers from its most valuable asset add therefore should always be given the first priority. The department of marketing has put up efforts of reaching out not only the old customers but also the high end market that has not been tapped yet. In order to achieve the best customer loyalty, it has taken the marketing department significant amount of time to study and analyze the needs, tastes and preferences of consumers. The ease with which customers can purchase Harley-Davidson products has been enhanced. In any case, the company believes in serving its customers with a touch of their emotions. In other words, passion drives the marketability of the heavy duty motorcycles (Armstrong Kotler, 2011). The feelings of customers are studied, their perceptions and reactions towards the company products are also evaluated in a regular customer care initiative. Due to such an approach in marketing, the management at Harley-Davidson is quite convinced that they will also venture and conquer the light duty motorcycle market. Moreover, the marketing strategy is also viewed as the reason for the success behind the Harley Owners Group (HOG) that has grown to a 900,000 membership scheme. The sale of motorcycles per se is not the sole duty of Harley-Davidson; the motorcycle manufacturing firm has laid more emphasis on the needs of its customers to experience independence and a free purchasing environment. Customers should feel to be buying Harley-Davidson products without being coerced or technically convinced through advertisement without their own will. If this philosophy is anything to go by, then it implies that Harley-Davidson has a cultivated a buying culture of its motorcycles, a phenomenon absent in other brands (Armstrong Kotler, 2011). Therefore, customer experience, according to Harley-Davidson, goes beyond the manufacture and sale of motorcycles; it is a unique lifestyle of its own kind.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Harley-Davidson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Customers do not just buy for the sake of meeting their needs; they also do it as part and parcel of their lifestyle. Marketing a brand as a lifestyle product is an uphill task, so to speak. Harley-Davidson is not naà ¯ve of this fact. Consequently, the motorcycle manufacturing firm has set up rigorous marketing tools and devices to enable it maintain and reach out for the untapped markets. Through its marketing department, the company has imitated a high-powered team of individuals charged with the responsibility of marketing Harley-Davidson brand. For instance, there are quite a number of travel adventures that the firm has organized in the past. These adventures are meant to develop consumption and liking culture for its products. Both the existing and non-customers are usually invited to take part. The company also offers other after-sale services to customers. The marketing strategy adopted by Harley-Davidson is not void of relevant marketing theories in daily practice. Firstly, the brand name ‘Harley-Davidson’ has proved to be a very effective auto ma rketing tool for several decades now. Customers have been deriving satisfaction out of the motorcycles manufactured by the company. the fact they have built formidable trust around the brand of the company makes it possible for them to remain loyal in their purchases (Harley-Davidson, 2006). In addition, the consumption experience by Harley-Davidson’s customers is one of its own kind since the firm makes sure that the general and imperative needs of the customers are catered for. it is against this backdrop that the company’s brand name is not only popular, it is also a household name that both active and potential customers would like to identify with. On the same note, decision making by customers is yet another area that the marketing department has put more focus on. It is crucial to observe that the purchasing trend of customers is largely driven by the nature of decisions they make (Kotler, Roberto Lee, 2002). This can be explained from the utility theory of dec ision making.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The utility is paramount in marketing. Consumers will consider the best outcomes as the main driver to their decision making (Gilmore, 2003). The theory tends to perceive customers as rational beings who are not skewed on their choices but would rather settle at a particular brand since the anticipated results suit their needs well. Hence, optimum benefit is instrumental for customers. The utility theory is pragmatic on the usefulness of the product being purchased rather than the cost price of the product. Indeed, Harley-Davidson has taken this into consideration since the company has ensured that its heavy duty motorcycles are not just within the expected standards by customers but also of high quality. This has been laced with the marketing philosophy of selling with passion and touching the customers’ feelings right at the point of sale. However, consumers may lack rationality when making purchasing decisions in some cases (Baker Saren, 2010). Besides, the various intrin sic inputs that may influence decision making patterns when buying may not be easily recognized by customers. Such a limitation among customers when making decisions may not be fully addressed by utility theory. Hence, satisficing can be used to flesh up the limitations of utility theory. The satisficing model elaborates that the process of decision making does not continues once the anticipated outcomes are met. Drawing from the Harley-Davidson marketing experience, there is a higher probability that its chronic customers do no longer makes purchasing decisions when acquiring their purchases from the company since they are outside the brackets of utility theory. At this juncture, it is worthy to note that successful marketing should go beyond utility theory. Consumers can remain loyal to a particular brand irrespective of stiff competition from market rivals. Similarly, the use of a marketing theory referred to as consideration is a vital tool in marketing strategies. According to the theory of consideration, customers play an equally integral role as the identity of a business organisation (Gummesson, 2002). The theory further stresses that the decision making process by a firm should consider the relative value of consumers since they form a subset of a firm without which any decisions made may lack utility. The Harley-Davidson video case study emphasizes the momentous contribution and role of customers in the company. All the strategies are developed around the consumption experience of consumers. The marketing theory of involvement is yet another strong standing point for Harley-Davidson (Kleinaltenkamp Ehret, 2006). One way of attracting and sustaining the attention of customers is by involving them in most company activities that elicit fun and great feeling. The management at Harley-Davidson has made every attempt to involve its pool of customers as well as the prospective ones in lively activities like adventurous riding exercises. Sponsorship of suc h events by Harley-Davidson is a marketing decision I the right step. As mentioned earlier, the motorcycle manufacturing firm is not merely buying the advertising space for marketing its products; it is also in the process of creating a consumption culture of its heavyweight motorcycles alongside building a lifestyle from it. Case study questions How does Harley-Davidson build long term customer relationship? The management at Harley-Davidson value customer relationship as the foundation of business growth. In achieving this, two main building blocks are used. To begin with, the company employs customer satisfaction in its bid to create long term relationships. Unless customers are satisfied by the services and products on offer, it will be practically impossible to maintain their loyalty for long. Secondly, Harley-Davidson is very critical on the value of customers. It is common knowledge that customers who are treated with dignity, a sense of passion as well as liberty are highly likely to remain put with a particular brand (Sheth, 2006). The company values the choice, liberty and independence of its customers, attributes that go a long way in enhancing customer value. Moreover, Harley-Davidson has also made use of the Harley Owners Group (HOG) as a building block for long term customer relationship. For instance, the company has from time to time organized and sponsored outdoor events to boost the relationship between the company and customers and also among customers themselves. Besides, the numerous publications by the company have been viable outreach tool for harnessing customer relationship. What is Harley-Davidson’s value proposition? One of the value propositions for the company is that the price tag is rather on the higher end. The sale of heavy duty motorcycles costs more than the sale of lighter ones with engines capacities below 750cc. although the high price tag may be viewed as slightly disadvantageous to the company; it is indeed the bu siness strategy for Harley-Davidson. Specializing in this line of production attracts the high end of the market. This may be more profitable than dealing with lighter machineries. Besides, the motorcycles cannot be used during bad weather in addition to the fact that there are usually non-monetary costs associated with safe keeping of the motorcycles is yet another value proposition for the company. Nonetheless, the best value proposition should be the benefits received by the consumers of Harley-Davidson brand. Joanne Bischmann in the video case study attempts to emphasize the value received by customers (Harley-Davidson, 2006). As note in the video, customers stand to benefit from freedom, free will, and self-expression as well as the fun and full enjoyment brought about by the company products. Customers are not just buying the motorcycles, they are also interested with the value proposition derived from the purchases. Relate the concept of customer equity to Harley-Davidson. Ho w does Harley-Davidson’s strategy focus on the right relationships with the right customers? Customer equity is well covered under the derived profits as well as loyalty. There are other numerous possibilities through which Harley-Davidson could derive its profits. However, the company is not merely focusing on the other varied channels; it has laid more emphasis on building long term customer relationship through authenticated friendship. Its chronic customers who should also be profitable is the core concern for the company in as far as customer equity is concerned. This profitability is derived from the high-margin products from Harley-Davidson. As part of focusing on the right customer relationships, the company has largely focused on the delivery of three main marketing variables namely customer value, brand stability as well as retention equities. In order to maintain the brand quality and focusing towards the right customer relationship, Harley-Davidson continually ins pects and modifies its products to meet the expectations and needs of customers. Recommendations In spite of the global presence of Harley-Davidson in the manufacture and sale of heavy duty motorcycles, the company can still make a few more strides in capturing both the high and low-end markets. Firstly, Harley-Davidson should devise other competitive marketing strategies that will successfully land them in the light commercial motorcycles bearing in mind that the previous attempts by the company to venture into this market failed. This can be achieved by changing the consumption culture of its long term customers (Baker, Graham Harker, 1998). They should be educated on the relative benefits of embracing lighter motorcycles. The value proposition for the company should go beyond passion for its customers. It is vital for Harley-Davidson to focus on new markets through rigorous marketing campaigns like the internet, billboards and other mass media channels (Wierenga, 2008). Relying on old customers per se may not be sustainable for a long period of time. Finally, Harley-Davidson should also diversify its production portfolio as one way of minimizing market risks. The company can attain this by incorporating the manufacturing of both the heavy and light commercial motorcycles in its plant. References Armstrong, G. Kotler, P. ( 2011). Marketing: an introduction, (10th ed.), New York: Pearson Prentice Hall. Baker, J.M., Graham, P. Harker, D. (1998). Marketing: managerial foundations, South Yarra: Macmillan Publishers. Baker, J.M. Saren, M. (2010). Marketing Theory: A Student Text, London: Sage Publications. Gilmore, A. (2003). Services marketing and management, London: Sage Publications. Gummesson, E. (2002). Total relationship marketing, Oxford: Elsevier Science. Harley-Davidson (2006). Video Case. Web. Kleinaltenkamp, M. Ehret, M. (2006).Relationship theory and business markets Journal of business and industrial Marketing, 21(2): 63-64. Kotler, P., Roberto, N. Lee, N. (2002). Social marketing: improving the quality of life, London: Sage Publications. Sheth, N.J. (2006). Does marketing need reform?: fresh perspectives on the future, New York: M.E. Sharpe Inc. Wierenga, B. (2008). Handbook of marketing decision models, Rotterdam: Springer Science.

Current Diverse Environmental Events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current Diverse Environmental Events - Essay Example According to Davis (1), a ban must exist on activities that emit CO2. This article implies that there can be maintenance of climate change using appropriate technology. Such technologies include the introduction of wedges. Throughout this article, there are suggestions that current technologies are insufficient in the reduction of carbon emissions. The creation of new ways to manage dangerous emissions is extremely necessary. This article recommends that there needs to be establishment of policies that would reduce these emissions. For example, the article implies that policies need to conduct advanced research that will probably discover safe ways of creating energy. There also needs to be additional efforts that will reduce all these emissions that keep affecting the environment. Another article by the US Department of Energy reports the benefits of proper carbon dioxide storage. Hakun (1) depicts that it is possible for permanent arrest of diverse green house gases. The article al so states that the available storage spaces in the US can arrest these gases from their respective sources. An example of CO2 storage facility is the atlas 4 that has current updates on the emissions. This article explains the details of the atlas that include the following. The first is the ability of the atlas to detect all the locations of potential carbon dioxide deposits. The final article by Eisenberg suggests that people need to check the emissions of CO2 in the air. This is because there is an extremely rapid growth in the levels of C02 emissions across the globe. In this article, she reports the relevance of carbon engineering to the environment. The article further explains that it is possible for industries to store these gases and later sell them. She highlights diverse ways of harvesting CO2 and proves that the entire process is advantageous. In the article, one notices that direct air capture of CO2.

Assignment #2 - Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

#2 - Case Study - Assignment Example army to caused skin burns and still births. Yes that is right; it was Dow that was actually responsible for â€Å"the Silent Spring†. Further, the company also owns the manufacturing unit that resulted in greatest industrial failure in the history, which lead to the death toll of over three thousand Indians in Bhopal; and it also left several unwanted problems for the next generations. One of the recent events that involved Dow Chemicals was discharge of industrial effluents into the air and water supplies in the vicinity of the company’s Midland complex in Michigan. Dow was held liable for violating Clean Air Act rules, and for disobeying the Clean Water Act. Further, the government also held the company for releasing harmful chemicals into the environment without a permit. The issue was brought to the considerations during 2006-07; however, after several delays and trials, the company agreed to pay $ 2.5 million in 2011, for the sake of compensation. In 2010 the annua l release of toxic compounds by Dow’s Midland facility was 275,912 pounds. According to an environmentalist based at the Michigan State University, the company earned a profit of $ 6.2 billion during the time while the production facility was discharging contaminants without permission (Weiss, 2008). The stakeholders include the people living in the vicinity of the production houses, the state that has allowed the company to operate, general public, media, the employees at Dow, and the Dow Chemical Company. People living close to these production houses are directly exposed to the harmful chemicals that released by these industrial units into the environment. These contaminants can have lethal effects on the population residing in the suburbs. In case of the recent activities, the major subjects under the exposure of contaminants were the residents of Midland, Michigan (Weiss, 2008). The side effects of these contaminants can be direct or indirect. The second stakeholder in

Principles Of Marketing Management Chocolate in the UK Essay

Principles Of Marketing Management Chocolate in the UK - Essay Example Thorntons' website is a strong source of sales and allows customers to pick and chose chocolates. Thorntors also promotes its new products readily. Unique season based product packages such as wedding favours are also highly demanded. The company provides chocolates of various ranges including Belgian, Winter, Viennese,etc. Chocolates of various types such as milk chocolate, dark chocolate, mint chocolate, etc., are also available for customers This research paper seeks to analyze the current market standing of the company via a comprehensive swot analysis. The findings of this analysis shall be used to frame the marketing and positioning strategies of the company. Thorntors chocolate has been in the UK market for over 100 years and possesses a turnover of 210 million pounds in the year 2008. Along with general retail outlets, Thorntons also sells its products through the internet, mail order and by using other commercial services. Analyzing Thontorns in depth:- Thorntors poses a challenging test to any marketer. The company boasts of its legacy, however, it faces increasing competition from newer entrants that threaten to torment its reign as a top chocolate company. A swot analysis of the company shall help understand aspects that it can rely on and things it needs to work on to cement its position as the top chocolate company.... 6) Premium brand positioning. Weaknesses 1)Retail Outlets’ failure to meet targets. 2)No customized products at retail stores. 3)History of problems with hand finished chocolates. 4)Weak performance by OWN Stores channel. Opportunities 1)Export market potential. 2)Product Innovation to counter economic downturn. 3)Discovery of new ranges such as biscuit desserts can help enhance brand equity. Threats 1)Fluctuating raw material and dairy prices. 2)Rising inflation and affordability issues. 3)Economic downturn and customer’s changing preferences. 4)Failure to address retail sales issue before competitors can gain advantage. Target Market and Seeking new opportunities:- Thorntons is a premium brand of chocolate that has established considerable brand equity over the 99 years of its existence. While the company welcomes and appreciates every walk in customer, there are specific people it targets with each of its innovative products. Kingston Upon Hull is the market that Tho rntons seeks to capure this Christmas. The city is located in the East Riding of Yorkshire and has a population of around a quarter of a million people. Hull is home to around 97% local residents while a small minority group of within 1000 people reside in the entire city. The city boasts a high percentage of people who use personal transport over public transport and the economic conditions of the people are relatively good. There is however, a 6.2% unemployment rate which acts as a threat to potential market. Hull is also home to several types of restaurants, including Chinese, English, French, Italian etc (Hull and East Reading, 2011).The city acts as a busy port and economy is built around trading and seafaring. Considering the company’s premium positioning, it will

Transferring Capital Or Funds From Savers To Borrowers

Transferring Capital Or Funds From Savers To Borrowers The financial institution is the process to provide the financial service to the people. It can also say is the institution collecting the funds from the public into the financial assets. It also verifies by the government, so it is safe for the people to using. The main function of the financial institution transfers the capital between savers and those who need capital. The financial activities and function provide by the financial institution are bonds, debentures, stocks, loans, risk diversification, insurance, hedging, retirement planning, investment, portfolio management, and many other types of related functions. The way use by financial institution to transfer the fund can be defined by 3 ways; there are direct transfers, indirect transfer and financial intermediaries. The first way of a financial institution is Direct transfer can also call ask direct transfers of money and securities. Direct transfer means the organization sells its stocks or bond directly to savers and without any type of financial institution. For example, the party A and B is the relatives and the parties A want to transfer the money to invest the party B organization by using direct transfer; it is without any financial institution or financial market so this is call direct transfer. The advantage of direct transfer is saving the money, it because using direct transfer is without any taxable. Direct transfer is without any taxable because direct transfer is a process straight transfers the money to other account and is wont going through any financial institution so the government will not charge the tax because government is not know about it. The disadvantage of using direct transfer is complex. It is possible become complex because direct transfer is making by the two part y without any financial institution and it not have the professional person to help properly transfer the money and making the agreement, so in future maybe will happen conflict between the parties. The second way for transferring capital or fund from savers to borrowers in the financial market is indirect transfer by using banking house. Indirect transfer is a process to transfer the capital or funds through the financial institution such as investment banking house. Investment banking house is like the agency to help the organization to transfers the bond or stock into the money. It normally use by an organization that underwrites and distributes new investment securities to help the organization obtain their financial. An underwriter serves as a middleman and facilitates the issuance of securities to the investor. For example, an organization sells the stocks or bonds to the investment bank and investment bank sells these same securities to the savers. The advantage of this financial institution is more efficient and fast to transfer the bond or stock into the financial assets. It is because investment bank has required the professionals to given the organization accurate information and help organization to make the transfer process more efficient and wont getting problem. The disadvantage of investment banking house is need to spend more time to wait the process done by the investment banking house. It is because company need to waiting the investment banker sell the bond or stock into the money. The banker could not be estimate when can sell the bond and stock to the saver. Next, investment banking house give more confidence to the saver. Investment banker will provide fully information about company to saver review and give professional guideline about the investment to avoid wrong investment. Therefore, the investment risk will decrease and the percentages of faced loss also will be reduce by using the investment banking, but it will increase the cost because need to pay the intermediaries fees. The third way for transferring capital or fund from savers to borrowers in the financial market is indirect transfer buy using financial intermediaries. The indirect financial institution can be separated into three types such as Investment Intermediaries, Contractual Saving Institutions, and Depository Institutions. Financial intermediary is an institution that acts as the middleman between investors and firms raising funds. Financial intermediary will using the funds from the saver to purchase other securities from other organization and hold it for gain the profitability. The three major functions of the financial intermediaries are maturity transformation, risk transformation and convenience denomination. Maturity transformation is converting short term liabilities to long term assets. Risk transformation is converting risky investments into relatively risk-free ones. Convenience denomination is matching small deposits with large loans and large deposits with small loans. Financial intermediaries accept the saver to use the loan or securities to invest their funds. The financial intermediaries will provide the loan plan to the saver to properly using the loan to invest. Financial intermediaries can help to reduce the time. It is because financial intermediaries can transfer the financial assets into the money by the faster way. This is mean financial intermediaries will buy the assets from the customer and sells it in future, so it can reduce the time because some of the assets need longer of period to sell it or transfer into the money. Therefore, some of the people will use financial intermediaries to solve their emergence financial problem. Financial intermediaries can also help the saver to reduce the transaction cost such as consulting fee for getting information. In this situation, financial intermediaries will provide the completely information or professional advice to help the investors making the decision. Financial institution can be separa ted into three types such as Investment Intermediaries, Contractual Saving Institutions, and Depository Institutions. Depository institution is a channel to receive the funds from the public or manage their funds to invest other organization to gain the profit. When gain the profit Depository institution will return some interest to the people who are invest the funds in the depository institution. Depository institution can be defined in few types, there are commercial banks, savings and loan associated credit union and mutual saving bank. Commercial bank is the financial institutions provide the loan, saving, transactional, money market account, insurance, and stock brokerage service to the public. The examples of the commercial bank in the Malaysia are Affin Bank, Arab-Malaysian Banking Group, Bank Simpanan Nasional (BSN), Citibank Malaysia, Exim Bank Malaysia, Hong Leong Bank and other. The advantage of using the commercial bank is the risk is lower. It is because commercial bank has stronger financial background, so it will not easy bankrupt or facing the financial problem such as facing loss in investment. The disadvantage of the commercial bank is the percentage of interest maybe lower than other financial institution. For example, interest rate provide by the insurance institution always higher than the commercial bank. Moreover, a savings and loan association (or SL), also known as a thrift, is a financial institution that specializes in accepting savings deposits and making mortgage and other loans. Mortgage means using the something such as house, land or assets to make the loan with the savings and loan association. If the people cannot pay back the loan, the house will be taken over by the savings and loan association. The advantage of the savings and loan association is interest of saving deposit is higher than the commercial bank. Therefore, people will choose it to saving their money to gain more interest. In the additional, mutual savings bank is also a type of thrift institution. The function just seems like saving and loan associations which obtain the funds from other and make loan such as mortgage loan. Credit union is a non-profit financial institution that is owned and operated entirely by a group of members such as employee. Credit unions provide financial services for their members, including savings and lending. The condition to join a credit union is a person must ordinarily belong to a participating organization. When a person deposits money in a credit union, the person will become the member of the credit union. Last, contractual saving institution is an institution that obtains funds at periodic intervals on a basis contractual. It is normally use for the longer period of time. It is mean if the contract dead line is not yet reach, the saver cannot taking back the money from the contractual saving institution. Contractual saving institution can be defines into two types, there are insurance institution and pension institution. Insurance institution normally provide some of insurance services such as investment insurance, life insurance, endowment insurance, accident insurance and other. Examples of the insurance institution in Malaysia are Potential, AIA, Am insurance, Greaten Eastern and some more. Pension Institution is an associated that collects the funds from the retired person to help them invest the funds and getting back the interest or profit. In conclusion, using indirect transfer way is more efficient and safe then using the direct transfer way. Indirect transfers way have more benefit to the user. It also provides more service to the user. So, based on my opinion, I encourage the people to using indirect transfer way to manage money or making the loan.

Malcolm X Essay -- History

Malcolm X Malcolm X, a civil rights leader in the 1960's believed that blacks and whites should be segregated. He also believed that white man was evil and were trying to brainwash all blacks and that Martin Luther King's "non-violent protests" weren't working and that violence was needed for change. Malcolm X's life was a life with a lot of conflict and violence in it. Malcolm X was born under the name of Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. His father was a baptist minister and an outspoken follower of Marcus Garvey, the black nationalist leader of the 1920s who preached that all blacks should leave the US and go back to Africa. While Malcolm's father was away and Malcolm's mother was pregnant with Malcolm, a group of KKK members came to their house and told Mrs. Little to send out her husband. She came out of the house and stood where all the KKK could see that she was pregnant and told them that Mr. Little was in Milwaukee preaching. The KKK, disappointed, shouted threats and told them to leave town. After this they broke every window in the Little's home and left. When Mr. Little came home and heard what happened, he decided to move as soon a Malcolm was born to Lansing, Michigan. Here was where Malcolm's father died at the hand of the Black Legion (X 4-! 13). After Malcolm's father's death, his mother who had to take care of eight children and endure threats from the KKK, suffered a nervous breakdown. As a result, Malcolm and his siblings were taken by the welfare department. Malcolm was later enrolled in a reform school and did very well grade wise. He was the best student in his class and wanted to become a lawyer. When the school heads heard about this, they sent a person to talk to Malcolm. This person told and convinced Malcolm that he was black and that he could never become a lawyer because of it. As a result, he dropped out of after the eighth grade and moved to Boston, Massachusetts where he worked several different jobs. Soon, Malcolm became associated in a gang and sold and used drugs, and was involved in many other criminal activities. His gang "career" ended when he got into some trouble due to a bet with the gang leader. Since the gang wanted Malcolm killed, Malcolm hid for a while. Soon, Malcolm decid! ed to rob a house which he heard had a lot of valuables in it. Soon one night, he robbed the house, but was ca... ...e didn't believe the peaceful protests worked. Malcolm believed that violence was the only way through which change would take place. Finally, Malcolm disagreed with Mr. King in the fact that Malcolm wanted to segregate blacks and whites and create a separate place for the blacks to live in while Mr. King wanted to end segregation and have blacks and whites live peacefully. My opinions toward Malcolm X's beliefs are that I disagree with most of what he said. I believe that what he taught was teaching hatred. I also believe that he set the civil rights movement back because he "un-did" everything Mr. King stood for and did. I also disagree with his idea of usage of violence because I don't believe it solves or is the answer to anything. Finally, I believe his ideas towards white men being "devils" and "evil" seem to be unjustified. I say unjustified because many white men tried to join both the OAAU and the Nation of Islam, were denied. My logic is that if the white men were evil, why would they try to join them and help them? Although I disagree with most of Malcolm's X's beliefs, I do agree that all Blacks should join and become unified, because in unity, there is power.